Urinary retention, the inability to empty the bladder fully, is a common and distressing urological problem that can affect both men and women. In many cases, it begins gradually and is first noticed as difficulty in passing urine or the need to strain during urination. In other cases, it can appear suddenly and cause severe pain, requiring emergency medical care. While medications and catheterization may provide temporary relief, surgery often becomes the most reliable option for long-term management. In Kerala, advanced centres such as the SDC Prostate Research & Training Centre provide modern surgical solutions tailored to each patient’s condition.
Understanding Urinary Retention
Urinary retention may be classified as acute, where a person cannot pass urine at all, or chronic, where the bladder never empties completely. Both types carry risks such as recurrent infections, bladder damage, and even kidney impairment. The most frequent cause, especially in older men, is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), in which the prostate enlarges and compresses the urethra. Other reasons include urethral stricture, bladder neck obstruction, bladder stones or tumors, neurological disorders, and in some cases, medication side effects. In Kerala, BPH remains the leading reason men seek treatment for urinary retention.
When Surgery Becomes Necessary
Surgery is usually advised when urinary retention keeps recurring, when medications no longer help, or when complications such as infections and kidney changes appear. The main goal of surgery is to remove or bypass the obstruction so the bladder can function normally again. At SDC, careful evaluation is carried out through uroflowmetry, imaging, cystoscopy, and urodynamic studies before recommending the most appropriate procedure.
Surgical Options in Kerala
Kerala has become a hub for advanced urological care, and SDC offers a wide range of minimally invasive and standard surgeries. Traditional TURP (Transurethral Resection of the Prostate) is still widely practiced and effective for moderate prostate enlargement. HoLEP (Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate) is gaining popularity for larger glands because it offers precise tissue removal with less bleeding and a quicker recovery. Procedures like Bladder Neck Incision are helpful in selected cases with mild obstruction, while UroLift and Rezūm represent modern minimally invasive treatments that preserve sexual function and reduce downtime. For patients with urethral strictures, urethroplasty or reconstructive surgery may be necessary, and in cases of neurological dysfunction, nerve-based therapies can be considered.
Comparison of Surgical Procedures
| Procedure | Best Suited For | Key Benefit | Considerations |
|---|---|---|---|
| TURP | Moderate prostate enlargement | Widely available, proven results | May affect ejaculation, bleeding risk |
| HoLEP | Large prostates | Precise, durable, less bleeding | Requires specialist expertise |
| Bladder Neck Incision | Mild bladder neck obstruction | Quick, less invasive | Not effective for large prostates |
| UroLift | Small to moderate prostates | Preserves sexual function | Not suitable for all anatomies |
| Rezūm | Moderate enlargement | Minimally invasive, quick recovery | May need repeat treatment |
| Urethroplasty | Urethral stricture | Long-lasting results | More invasive, longer healing |
What to Expect During and After Surgery
Most urinary retention surgeries today are performed endoscopically, meaning no large external cuts are required. Depending on the technique, the surgery usually lasts from half an hour to a few hours, under spinal or general anesthesia. A temporary catheter is often placed for one or two days. Hospital stays are generally short, with many patients discharged within 48 hours. Recovery is usually smooth, and follow-up care ensures the bladder is functioning well. Some temporary side effects such as mild burning during urination or blood in the urine may occur but usually settle quickly.
Benefits and Risks
The benefits of urinary retention surgery are significant — normal bladder emptying, reduced infection risk, prevention of kidney damage, and a marked improvement in quality of life. Like any medical procedure, there are risks such as bleeding, infection, temporary incontinence, or changes in ejaculation. However, with modern techniques such as laser surgery and minimally invasive implants, these risks are greatly reduced.
Why Choose SDC Prostate Centre
SDC Prostate Research & Training Centre in Kerala has built a reputation as a specialized hub for prostate and urinary disorders. With advanced diagnostic facilities, experienced surgeons, and the availability of modern options like HoLEP, UroLift, and Rezūm, patients receive personalized treatment that balances effectiveness with safety. The focus on minimally invasive surgery means faster recovery and fewer complications, making it an excellent choice for those suffering from urinary retention.
Absolutely. SDC is one of the few centres in Kerala to provide modern procedures like UroLift and Rezūm, which are designed to preserve sexual function and reduce recovery time.
The specialists at SDC focus exclusively on prostate and voiding disorders. They bring years of expertise and handle complex urinary retention cases, ensuring patients receive expert-level care.
Most patients are discharged within one to two days, depending on the procedure performed and the overall recovery process.
Yes. While male patients with enlarged prostates are more common, SDC also evaluates and treats women with retention due to bladder neck obstruction, scarring, or neurological causes.
With state-of-the-art facilities, strict infection control, and individualized postoperative follow-up, SDC prioritizes patient safety at every stage.
Conclusion
Urinary retention is a condition that should never be ignored, as it can silently damage both the bladder and kidneys. Surgery remains the most effective and long-lasting solution for patients who do not respond to medication or who develop complications. In Kerala, the SDC Prostate Research & Training Centre stands out for its advanced facilities, expert surgeons, and commitment to minimally invasive, patient-focused care. Choosing timely surgical treatment not only restores urinary function but also safeguards long-term health and quality of life.
